Notwithstanding the case-law’s view, is the testator free to satisfy the persons entitled by law to the share of his estate by giving them as legacy some properties belonging to his heir’s asset? The possibility that the share of the testator’s estate reserved by law to certain persons can consist of properties not belonging to the deceased person’s estate is positively accepted in more than one hypothesis; however, inescapable prerequisite of such a possibility is the consensus, or at least the lack of opposition, of the persons entitled by law to the share of the deceased person’s estate. Nevertheless, the aforementioned prerequisite is not essential in case the testator appoints as heir the persons entitled by law to the share of his estate and at the same time assigns to the preferred heir a legacy made up of a sale agreement (or made up of an exchange agreement), by means of which those appointed heirs have to sell to the preferred person part of the share of the testator’s estate upon payment (or, in case of an exchange agreement, upon transfer of the property rights related to the preferred heir’s properties). The proposed solution to the submitted question doesn’t seem to be the only one. In fact, the persons entitled by law to the share of the deceased person’s estate don’t have a right over one or more particular testator’s properties; they only have a right over a share of the deceased person’s estate, that can be economically appraised. Hence, the testator can directly distribute his estate and satisfy the persons entitled by law to the share of his estate by assigning them some properties belonging to his preferred heir’s asset (without appointing those persons entitled by law to the share of his estate as heirs and force them to sell a part of the share of the testator’s estate reserved by law to them). In this last case, the entitlement to the balance loses his nature of legacy and is attracted within the boundary of the testate universal succession.
È possibile – contrariamente a quanto reputa la giurisprudenza – per il testatore soddisfare i legittimarî, indipendentemente dalla loro adesione, con beni estranei all’asse e provenienti dal patrimonio del soggetto al quale egli intenda assegnare uno o più cespiti ereditarî? La composizione della quota riservata con beni non appartenuti al de cuius è positivamente ammessa in più di un’ipotesi; presupposto indeclinabile, però, è il consenso, o comunque la mancata opposizione, dei legittimarî. La necessità del presupposto, in realtà, viene meno qualora il testatore istituisca eredi i legittimarî nella quota ad essi riservata e, al contempo, ponga a loro carico e in favore del soggetto da privilegiare un legato di contratto di vendita (o di permuta) della quota ereditaria contro il pagamento di un prezzo in denaro (o contro il trasferimento di un bene dell’erede privilegiato). La strada indicata non pare l’unica idonea a offrire soluzione positiva al quesito posto. I legittimarî sono titolari del diritto non su uno o più specifici beni, ma su una quota dell’asse ereditario, misurabile economicamente con il denaro. Di qui l’idea che il testatore – senza istituire un soggetto erede nella quota riservata e poi obbligarlo alla cessione di questa verso corrispettivo – possa direttamente dividere le proprie ricchezze, offrendo soddisfazione ai legittimarî con beni provenienti dal patrimonio del soggetto da privilegiare. Il diritto al conguaglio, in questo caso, perde la natura di legato per essere attratto nell’ambito delle disposizioni a titolo universale.
Sulla soddisfazione del legittimario con beni estranei alla massa ereditaria
Proto M
2016-01-01
Abstract
Notwithstanding the case-law’s view, is the testator free to satisfy the persons entitled by law to the share of his estate by giving them as legacy some properties belonging to his heir’s asset? The possibility that the share of the testator’s estate reserved by law to certain persons can consist of properties not belonging to the deceased person’s estate is positively accepted in more than one hypothesis; however, inescapable prerequisite of such a possibility is the consensus, or at least the lack of opposition, of the persons entitled by law to the share of the deceased person’s estate. Nevertheless, the aforementioned prerequisite is not essential in case the testator appoints as heir the persons entitled by law to the share of his estate and at the same time assigns to the preferred heir a legacy made up of a sale agreement (or made up of an exchange agreement), by means of which those appointed heirs have to sell to the preferred person part of the share of the testator’s estate upon payment (or, in case of an exchange agreement, upon transfer of the property rights related to the preferred heir’s properties). The proposed solution to the submitted question doesn’t seem to be the only one. In fact, the persons entitled by law to the share of the deceased person’s estate don’t have a right over one or more particular testator’s properties; they only have a right over a share of the deceased person’s estate, that can be economically appraised. Hence, the testator can directly distribute his estate and satisfy the persons entitled by law to the share of his estate by assigning them some properties belonging to his preferred heir’s asset (without appointing those persons entitled by law to the share of his estate as heirs and force them to sell a part of the share of the testator’s estate reserved by law to them). In this last case, the entitlement to the balance loses his nature of legacy and is attracted within the boundary of the testate universal succession.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.