Assessing COVID-19 related depression, anxiety and stress among European public health residents.

INTRODUCTION In Europe, Public Health Residents (PHR) have participated in the response against COVID-19. The pandemic has had a pro- found mental health (MH) impact on healthcare workers, but little evidence has been accrued about the Public Health (PH) workforce. The current study aims at assessing prevalence and risk factors for pandemic-related depression (D), anxiety (A) and stress (S). MATERIALS AND METHODS Between March 22 and April 11, 2021 we administered an on- line survey to PHR from France, Italy, Portugal and Spain, re- cruited through the national associations of PHR.We collected socio-demographic data and assessed changes in the working conditions due to COVID-19.We used the Depression Anxi- ety Stress Scales-21.Cut-off scores for D, A and S were: 9, 7, and 14. Multivariable logistic regression models were applied to determine risk factors for pandemic-related MH outcomes. Data analysis was performed with SPSS version 27. RESULTS 443 out of approximately 2000 PHR completed the survey, response rate: 22.15%. Most responders (n = 226; 51%) were from Italy, 87 (19.6%) from Portugal, 74 (16.47%) from Spain and 56 (12,65) from France. Median age: 29 years (IQR 25-33). Female/male ratio: 1.6. PHR above the cut-offs for D. A and S were: 60.5, 43.1, 61.2%. DASS-21 scores were 13.3, 8.13, 19.06, respectively. Across the multivariable lo- gistic regression models, the main identified predictors were: for D - the COVID-19 impact on PH training (OR = 1.78, 95% CL = 1.12-2.80, p = 0.014); for A - the loss of research opportunities (OR = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.28-2.93. p = 0.002) and for psychological S - the year of residency (last year vs other years of residency: OR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.20-4.38, p = 0.012). C O N C L U S I O N S Our sample featured mild-to-moderate levels of prevalent D, A and moderate levels of psychological stress. Overall, the main risk factors associated with negative psychometric outcomes were training challenges, loss of research opportunities and residency seniority.