In 2017, the World Health Organization (Who) annual report (2016 Malaria Report)described malaria as one of the world’s most important infectious diseases. In 2015, the totalnumber of cases at global level reached 212 million and caused 429,000 deaths. The vastmajority (90%) are women and children under 5 years of sub-Saharan Africa. Children areespecially vulnerable, accounting for more than two thirds of global malaria deaths. In 22African countries, the proportion of children with a fever who received a malaria diagnostictest increased by 77% over the last 5 years. This test helps to distinguish between malarialand non-malarial fevers, enabling appropriate treatment. The incidence of malaria hasdecreased by 41% since 2000 and 21% since 2010. Mortality has fallen by 61% since 2000and 29% since 2015. Seventeen countries have eradicated malaria between 2000 and 2015,and 13 other nations are gradually eliminating it. The objectives of the “Global TechnicalStrategy for Malaria 2016-2030” envisaged by the Who will reduce by 2030 the incidence of disease and mortality rates by 90% compared to 2015 levels; the elimination of malaria fromat least 35 nations where it was transmitted in 2015; the prevention of the return of malariato all countries where the disease has been eradicated. Malaria is caused by parasites of thePlasmodium species, which cause disease in humans. The transmission occurs through theanophele mosquito’s bite and the incubation period generally varies from one to four weeks.During the twentieth century, malaria has disappeared in the United States and other temperatecountries of Europe, such as England, Holland, Spain and Italy,thanks to progress inthestudyofthedisease, land reclamation, use of Ddt,and medical therapies.Todaymalariaismostly limited to cases imported from other countries where the disease persists: tropicalcountries,major areas of Central and Southern America,Asia,some parts of Eastern EuropeandSouth Pacific. The majority of cases were recorded in Africa(90%), South-east Asia(7%)andEasternMediterranean(2%).Innon-endemiccountries,likemostEuropean andUScountries,malaria continues to be the most important import disease, due to the growingnumberof both international travelers and migratory flows from endemic areas.
Nel 2017, il rapporto pubblicato annualmente (2016 Malaria Report) dall’OrganizzazioneMondiale della Sanità (Oms)ha definito la malaria una delle malattie infettive piùimportantial mondo. Nel 2015, il numero complessivo di casi a livello globale ha raggiunto i 212milionie provocato 429.000 decessi. La grande maggioranza (90%) sono donne e bambini sotto i5anni dell’Africa sub-sahariana. Nei 22 Stati africani, la proporzione dei bambini con la febbrechehanno ricevuto il test per la diagnosi della malaria si è accresciuto del 77% nel corso degliultimi5 anni. Il test aiuta a distinguere tra febbre malarica e non, favorendo il giusto trattamentomedico.Iltassodiincidenzadellamalariaèdiminuitodel41Úl2000edel21Úl2010.Lamortalitàè diminuita del 61% dal 2000 e del 29% dal 2015. Diciassette paesi hanno debellatolamalaria tra il 2000 e il 2015, e altre 13 nazioni la stanno progressivamente eliminando. Gliobiettividella “Global TechnicalStrategy for Malaria 2016-2030” predisposta dall’Omsprevedonounariduzione entro il 2030 dell’incidenza della malattia e dei tassi di mortalità del 90% rispettoailivelli del 2015; l’eliminazione della malaria da almeno 35 nazioni in cui è stata trasmessa nel2015; la prevenzione dal ritorno della malaria in tutti i paesi in cui la malattia è stata debellata. La malaria è provocata dai parassiti della specie Plasmodium, che determinano la malattia negliesseri umani. La trasmissione avviene attraverso la puntura delle zanzara anofele e il periododi incubazione varia in genere da una a quattro settimane. Nel corso del XX secolo, la malaria èscomparsa negli Stati Uniti e in altri paesi temperati dell’Europa, come l’Inghilterra, l’Olanda, laSpagna e l’Italia, grazie ai progressi raggiunti nello studio della malattia, alle bonifiche dei terreni,all’utilizzo del Ddt e alle terapie mediche. Oggi la malaria è per la maggior parte limitata a casiimportati da altri paesi dove la malattia persiste, ovvero nei paesi tropicali, nelle grandi areedell’America centrale e meridionale, in Asia, in alcune zone dell’Europa orientale e nel Pacificodel Sud. La maggior parte dei casi sono stati registrati nel Continente africano (90%), nel Sud-Estasiatico (7%) e nel Mediterraneo orientale (2%). Nei paesi non endemici, come la maggior partedegli Stati europei e degli Stati Uniti, la malaria continua ad essere la più importante malattiad’importazione, legata al numero crescente sia di viaggiatori internazionali che di flussimigratori provenienti da aree endemiche.
L'incidenza della malaria nel mondo e le strategie per ridurne la mortalità entro il 2030
PERRONE A
2018-01-01
Abstract
In 2017, the World Health Organization (Who) annual report (2016 Malaria Report)described malaria as one of the world’s most important infectious diseases. In 2015, the totalnumber of cases at global level reached 212 million and caused 429,000 deaths. The vastmajority (90%) are women and children under 5 years of sub-Saharan Africa. Children areespecially vulnerable, accounting for more than two thirds of global malaria deaths. In 22African countries, the proportion of children with a fever who received a malaria diagnostictest increased by 77% over the last 5 years. This test helps to distinguish between malarialand non-malarial fevers, enabling appropriate treatment. The incidence of malaria hasdecreased by 41% since 2000 and 21% since 2010. Mortality has fallen by 61% since 2000and 29% since 2015. Seventeen countries have eradicated malaria between 2000 and 2015,and 13 other nations are gradually eliminating it. The objectives of the “Global TechnicalStrategy for Malaria 2016-2030” envisaged by the Who will reduce by 2030 the incidence of disease and mortality rates by 90% compared to 2015 levels; the elimination of malaria fromat least 35 nations where it was transmitted in 2015; the prevention of the return of malariato all countries where the disease has been eradicated. Malaria is caused by parasites of thePlasmodium species, which cause disease in humans. The transmission occurs through theanophele mosquito’s bite and the incubation period generally varies from one to four weeks.During the twentieth century, malaria has disappeared in the United States and other temperatecountries of Europe, such as England, Holland, Spain and Italy,thanks to progress inthestudyofthedisease, land reclamation, use of Ddt,and medical therapies.Todaymalariaismostly limited to cases imported from other countries where the disease persists: tropicalcountries,major areas of Central and Southern America,Asia,some parts of Eastern EuropeandSouth Pacific. The majority of cases were recorded in Africa(90%), South-east Asia(7%)andEasternMediterranean(2%).Innon-endemiccountries,likemostEuropean andUScountries,malaria continues to be the most important import disease, due to the growingnumberof both international travelers and migratory flows from endemic areas.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
