HLA-G, CD34, VEGF and Its Receptors VEGF-R1 and VEGF-R2 Overexpression in G-CSF Treated Decorrenti Miscarriage at Term Women's Placenta.

INTRODUCTION: Transfer of cryopreserved-warmed embryos intoa uterus unaffected by controlled ovarian hyperstimulation has becomecommon in recent years. There is limited information on the effect ofembryo cryopreservation and warming on placental function. We sought todetermine if cryopreserved-warmed embryos differed from fresh embryosin placental function, by comparing birth weight, preterm delivery rate,and preeclampsia rate between embryo transfer types.METHODS: We performed a retrospective database cohort study of 612 singleton deliveries following assisted reproductive technology cycles at an academic medical center (455 fresh and 157 cryopreserved-warmedtransfers). Cycles were performed between January 12, 2007 throughDecember 8, 2014 and included infants born at ≥20 weeks gestationalage, excluding donor egg cycles. We examined the association betweentransfer type (fresh or cryopreserved-warmed) and proportion of deliveriescomplicated by preeclampsia, preterm delivery (gestational age <37weeks), and low birth weight (<2500 g). We assessed associations usinggeneralized linear models, both unadjusted and adjusted, for maternalage, newborn sex, and obstetric history.RESULTS: We observed more pregnancies complicated by preeclampsiafollowing cryopreserved-warmed transfers (3.8%) compared topregnancies following fresh embryo transfers (1.1%), (p=0.038),unadjusted Odds Ratio = 3.6 (95% CI: 1.1--11.9). Newborns resultingfrom cryopreserved-warmed transfer cycles had a similar mean birthweight (3506 g) compared to those resulting from fresh transfer cycles,(3414 g),(p=0.13). Newborns resulting from cryopreserved-warmedtransfers had similar rates of low birth weight (7.6%) compared to thoseresulting from fresh transfers (6.2%),(p=0.53). Newborns resulting fromcryopreserved-warmed transfer cycles had similar preterm delivery ratescompared to those born following fresh transfer cycles, 12.7% vs. 11.2%,respectively, (p=0.61). Statistical adjustment for confounders did notchange the unadjusted results.CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that cryopreservation with warming mayimpair placental function since preeclampsia is increased in cropreservedwarmedcyclescomparedtofreshembryo transfers. Cryopreservationwithwarming doesnot affectbirthweightor preterm deliveryrate.Freshembryo transfers should be considered when possible as they may reduce the incidence of preeclampsia.