Oral manifestations of human papillomavirus: review of the literature

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections, with significant implications for oral and oropharyngeal health. While low-risk HPV types (e.g., HPV 6, 11) are associated with benign lesions, high-risk types (e.g., HPV 16, 18) are linked to the development of malignancies, such as cervical and oropharyngeal cancers. This study is a literature review based on articles selected from PubMed, Dialnet, and Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source databases. Only recent in vivo and in vitro studies published in English or Spanish were included. Studies suggest that high-risk HPV types, particularly HPV 16, are strongly associated with oropharyngeal carcinomas, while low-risk types are prevalent in benign lesions. Vaccination emerges as the primary preventive strategy. HPV vaccination is crucial in preventing HPV-related diseases, while early diagnosis and timely treatment, including surgery and laser therapy, are essential for managing oral lesions. Ongoing research is necessary to improve the understanding and treatment of HPV infections.