Energy transition in China: Assessing progress in sustainable development and resilience directions

China is often referred to as a global benchmark for the energy transition. Apropos of energy sustainability, China's strategies and policies might be regarded as highly innovative or detrimental. Taking into account the Chinese economy, population, consumption and pollution rates, the country's energy transition decisions are deemed major determinants for the present and future global energy sustainability, resilience, and related conditions. This paper aims to provide a measure and definition of these phenomena to characterize selected aspects, highlighting China's global and regional status. To this end, an interval-based composite indicator assessment is reviewed, indicating that China represents a mid-tier status in terms of energy sustainability relative to global standards. Therefore, energy security standards serve as the foundation for China's transition path to ensuring a clean, renewable and sustainable energy supply and resilience in the future conditional to universal and democratic energy justice achievement.