In this paper, we present the first phytochemical analysis ever done on the arboreal coniferous species (Aracauriaceae family) called Wollemia nobilis W.G. Jones, K.D.Hill & J.M.Allen and in particular we focused on the constituents of the polar part of his male fruits. The species is considered a living fossil and it was believed to be disappeared until 1994 when a specimen was found by chance in Australia. In the world there are very few examples, and one of these is located in the botanical garden of Rome which is the subject sample of the study . Previous work on this species have mainly focused on botanical aspects and on the essential oil while only a few have studied the polar part and not in all its entireness considering only certain classes of natural organic compounds. The reason of our study was right that: to give the species a first and absolute phytochemical identity and to begin considering its chemotaxonomic aspects to be able to assess if the botanical classification is in accordance with what shown from a phytochemical point of view. Our analysis was performed following a classic protocol: extraction of the plant material with ethanol, isolation and recognition of the constituents through classical chromatographic techniques such as column chromatography and spectroscopic techniques such as NMR Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry. From this procedure, we isolated and identified seven substances belonging to four major classes of natural compounds. These compounds are respectively isocupressic acid (1), acetyl-isocupressic acid (2), methyl- (E) -communate (3), sandaracopimaric acid (4) for the diterpenoid, 7-4 '' '- dimethoxy-agathisflavone (5) for the biflavonoids, shikimic acid (6) for the cicloexencarboxylic acids and arginine (7) for the amino acids. The recognition of these compounds is remarkable because all of them represent compounds reported for the first time in the species, except for the 7-4 '' '- dimethoxy-agathisflavone (6). Moreover isocupressic acid and acetyl-isocupressic acid, which had already been identified in other conifer families, were reported in this study for the first time in a species comprised in Araucariaceae. On the other hand, methyl- (E)-communate and sandaracopimaric acid have already been found in the family as well as the shikimic acid while arginine is a common amino acid of plants in general. From a chemotaxonomic standpoint, the presence of these compounds shows the correct botanical classification of the species which in fact presents phytochemical traits in common with taxonomic entities belonging to the same family.
In questo lavoro, presentiamo la prima analisi fitochimica in assoluto eseguita sulla specie arborea delle conifere (famiglia Aracauriaceae) chiamata Wollemia nobilis W.G. Jones, K.D.Hill & J.M.Allen ed in particolare noi ci siamo focalizzati sui costituenti la parte polare dei suoi frutti maschili. La specie è considerata un fossile vivente e si riteneva scomparsa fino al 1994 quando ne fu ritrovato per caso un esemplare in Australia. Nel mondo ne esistono pochissimi esemplari ed uno di questi si trova nell’orto botanico di Roma il quale rappresenta il campione oggetto di studio. Precedenti lavori su questa specie si sono focalizzati principalmente su aspetti botanici e sull’olio essenziale mentre solo alcuni hanno studiato la parte polare e non nel suo insieme considerando solo alcune specifiche classi di composti organici naturali. Il motivo del nostro studio era proprio questo: dare una prima ed assoluta identità fitochimica alla specie ed iniziare a considerarne gli aspetti chemotassonomici per poter valutare se la classificazione botanica è in accordo con quanto evidenziato dal punto di vista fitochimico. La nostra analisi è stata eseguita seguendo un protocollo classico: estrazione del materiale vegetale di partenza con etanolo, isolamento e riconoscimento dei costituenti attraverso tecniche cromatografiche classiche come la cromatografia su colonna e tecniche spettroscopiche quali la spettroscopia NMR e la spettrometria dei Massa.Da questa procedura sono stati isolate ed identificate sette sostanze appartenenti a quattro maggiori classi di composti naturali. Tali composti sono rispettivamente acido isocupressico (1),, acido acetil-isocupressico (2), metil-(E)-communato (3) , acido sandaracopimarico (4) per i diterpenoidi, 7-4'''-dimetossi-agathisflavone (5) per i biflavonoidi, acido shikimico (6) [11] per gli acidi cicloesencarbossilici e arginina (7) per gli amminoacidi.Il riconoscimento di questi composti è rilevante poiché tutti rappresentano composti evidenziati per la prima volta nella specie, eccetto il 7-4'''-dimetossi-agathisflavone (6). Inoltre l’acido isocupressico e l’acido acetil-isocupressico, che erano già stati individuati in altre famiglie delle conifere, sono stati evidenziati in questo studio per la prima volta in una specie compresa nelle Araucariaceae. D’altra parte, il metil-(E)-communato e l’acido sandaracopimarico erano già stati trovati nella famiglia così come l’acido shikimico mentre l’arginina rappresenta un comune amminoacido delle piante in generale. Da un punto di vista chemotassonomico, la presenza di questi composti evidenzia la corretta classificazione botanica della specie che infatti presenta tratti fitochimici in comune con entità tassonomiche appartenenti alla stessa famiglia.
Fitochimica e chemotassonomia di un fossile vivente: Wollemia nobilis W.G. Jones, K.D.Hill & J.M.Allen
FREZZA, CLAUDIO;
2016-01-01
Abstract
In this paper, we present the first phytochemical analysis ever done on the arboreal coniferous species (Aracauriaceae family) called Wollemia nobilis W.G. Jones, K.D.Hill & J.M.Allen and in particular we focused on the constituents of the polar part of his male fruits. The species is considered a living fossil and it was believed to be disappeared until 1994 when a specimen was found by chance in Australia. In the world there are very few examples, and one of these is located in the botanical garden of Rome which is the subject sample of the study . Previous work on this species have mainly focused on botanical aspects and on the essential oil while only a few have studied the polar part and not in all its entireness considering only certain classes of natural organic compounds. The reason of our study was right that: to give the species a first and absolute phytochemical identity and to begin considering its chemotaxonomic aspects to be able to assess if the botanical classification is in accordance with what shown from a phytochemical point of view. Our analysis was performed following a classic protocol: extraction of the plant material with ethanol, isolation and recognition of the constituents through classical chromatographic techniques such as column chromatography and spectroscopic techniques such as NMR Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry. From this procedure, we isolated and identified seven substances belonging to four major classes of natural compounds. These compounds are respectively isocupressic acid (1), acetyl-isocupressic acid (2), methyl- (E) -communate (3), sandaracopimaric acid (4) for the diterpenoid, 7-4 '' '- dimethoxy-agathisflavone (5) for the biflavonoids, shikimic acid (6) for the cicloexencarboxylic acids and arginine (7) for the amino acids. The recognition of these compounds is remarkable because all of them represent compounds reported for the first time in the species, except for the 7-4 '' '- dimethoxy-agathisflavone (6). Moreover isocupressic acid and acetyl-isocupressic acid, which had already been identified in other conifer families, were reported in this study for the first time in a species comprised in Araucariaceae. On the other hand, methyl- (E)-communate and sandaracopimaric acid have already been found in the family as well as the shikimic acid while arginine is a common amino acid of plants in general. From a chemotaxonomic standpoint, the presence of these compounds shows the correct botanical classification of the species which in fact presents phytochemical traits in common with taxonomic entities belonging to the same family.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.